While it is theoretically possible to break into a well-designed system, it is infeasible in actual practice to do so. Modern cryptography is heavily based on mathematical theory and computer science practice cryptographic algorithms are designed around computational hardness assumptions, making such algorithms hard to break in actual practice by any adversary. Since the development of rotor cipher machines in World War I and the advent of computers in World War II, cryptography methods have become increasingly complex and its applications more varied.
The cryptography literature often uses the names Alice ("A") for the sender, Bob ("B") for the intended recipient, and Eve (" eavesdropper") for the adversary. The sender of an encrypted message shares the decoding technique only with intended recipients to preclude access from adversaries.
Applications of cryptography include electronic commerce, chip-based payment cards, digital currencies, computer passwords, and military communications.Ĭryptography prior to the modern age was effectively synonymous with encryption, converting information from a readable state to unintelligible nonsense. Modern cryptography exists at the intersection of the disciplines of mathematics, computer science, electrical engineering, communication science, and physics. More generally, cryptography is about constructing and analyzing protocols that prevent third parties or the public from reading private messages various aspects in information security such as data confidentiality, data integrity, authentication, and non-repudiation are central to modern cryptography. German Lorenz cipher machine, used in World War II to encrypt very-high-level general staff messagesĬryptography, or cryptology (from Ancient Greek: κρυπτός, romanized: kryptós "hidden, secret" and γράφειν graphein, "to write", or -λογία -logia, "study", respectively ), is the practice and study of techniques for secure communication in the presence of adversarial behavior.
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